Malcolm Knowles is widely recognized as one of the key figures in adult learning, as he popularized the term “andragogy” in relation to adult education. According to Knowles, andragogy encompasses the art and science of adult learning and can be applied to various forms of adult education (Kearsley, 2010). Knowles identified several characteristics of adult learners, including a shift in self-concept from dependency to self-direction, the accumulation of experience as a valuable learning resource, increased readiness to learn related to social roles, a shift from subject-centeredness to problem-centeredness in learning orientation, and internal motivation to learn.